| Environnement, ingénierie & développement |  |
N°63 - mars 2013
1. Écologie industrielle et territoriale : quels outils d'aide à la décision ? De l'analyse des flux à l'approche intégrée
Industrial and territorial ecology is a systemic and integrated approach to management of material and energy flows from all human activities across systems or industrial, urban, rural or industrial areas. The systematic search for ways and possibilities of networks optimization, use of by-products and waste activities can be done empirically, but meeting the pitfalls associatedwith multiple streams and their quantities. Some tools have been developed over the past ten years to complete the comprehensive inventory of waste or more generally of all material and energy flows, their registration databases. New generations of digital tools are designed to serve an industrial and territorial ecology approach. Can these tools promote the search of synergies between the organizations (companies, industries, services) in order to make systematic opportunities for enhancement of these resources and waste? This article provides an overview of existing tools to MFA (material flows analysis) by pointing out their advantages and limitations, and sheds light on the possibilities of designing more integrated and efficient tools for the identification of synergies between activities.
2. Éditorial n°63 Déchets Sciences et Techniques
3. Gestion des résidus solides urbains à Cité Soleil (Haïti) : mise en place d'une plateforme de compostage décentralisée
Faced with the difficulties of establishing a centralized management of waste generated in the poorest neighborhoods of the Haitian capital it is necessary to develop alternative ways of collection, treatment and recycling appropriated to the precarious situation of for the vast majority of the population. In the context of the call for proposals "Flash Haiti" of ANR, INSA Lyon, University of Limoges, CEFREPADE and GRET proposed a program of operational research entitled GEDEAH "Decentralized and integrated waste and sanitation in urban and peri urban areas in Haiti" which was retained. This program aims to identify the conditions for success and sustainability of participatory management of waste across districts located in urban areas. This management requires consideration of technical, economic and social conditions of targeted populations. Due to the total lack of financial ressources of the municipality, the methods selected should be simple and the entire management chain must operate on an economic logic to ensure its financial independence in the long term. This implies an optimal management system (participative management, quality research for all products recycled, the existence of market flow, project ownership by civil society…).The program also relies on the expertise of several partners including Haitian universities like Quisqueya University (UNIQ) with the LAQUE (Laboratory for Water and Environment Quality) and FAMV (Faculty of […]
4. Valorisation de déchets de crustacés pour l'alimentation des Penaeus monodon à Madagascar
Shrimp culture is developing very rapidly, including in Madagascar. There have been seven farms: AQUALMA, AQUAMEN, SOMAQUA, AQUAMAS, ACB, LGA, AQUABI0 since 1992, to promote the culture of shrimp in Mahajanga, Madagascar. The amount of waste shrimp heads available in each treatment plant of these products creates an environmental problem with more than 873 tons produced in 2004. These shrimp heads are considered as waste and hence thrown into the sea. This behavior is very questionable due to the environmental pollution. Furthermore, the product could be a protein source for animals but it is not exploited yet. For the CDCC "Development Center of Culture of Shrimps", thanks to the 2006 study, these shrimp heads were considered raw materials mixed with other ingredients in the manufacture of pellets. Following it, the objective of this paper is to valorize these wastes by checking animal performance of feeding Penaeus monodon in relation to the various protein sources and the standard food produced industrially. This food has been the most successful growth during experiments and exceeds the performance of the reference. These results come from a better digestibility of the product. The transformation of this waste into food shrimp (cannibalist side) is a great way to improve the environment incidence but with the condition of production costs minimized. Moreover, with the ease of approach of the large quantities of shrimp heads, these ones could be the subject of […]
5. Valorisation des écarts de triage de dattes par séchage pour l'obtention d'une poudre pour alimentation animale
The interest of this study is to recover the date's by-products the most common in Tunisia by applying the drying process. The product is getting to be a powder for animal feed. The physicochemical analysis of raw materials showed that dates have a high content of soluble sugars and polysaccharides. The study of dates drying at 50, 60 and 70°C showed that the temperature rises more drying time is reduced. Indeed, dates have initial moisture content of around 0.38kg/kg DM and become stable at the end of drying to moisture content of about 0.15kg/kg DM. The physico-chemical composition of the dates powders at different temperatures show that they are rich in soluble sugars and polysaccharides, high levels of potassium and magnesium and law protein, crude fiber and fat content.
6. Les rejets miniers de traitement : caractérisation, capacité polluante et impacts environnementaux, mine Zeïda, mine Mibladen, Haute Moulouya (Maroc)
The aim of this study is to characterize the wastes of treatment abandoned at the mine sites Zeida and Mibladen (Upper Moulouya, eastern of Morocco).highlight the polluting capacity of these wastes and determine their environmental impacts taking into account climate semi-arid and geological context carbonate and silicate in the region. The results showed that the mining wastes at Zeida (RZ) and at Mibladen (RM) consist of fine particle size, have low geotechnical stability, highly mobile and exhibit high levels of toxic trace metals (MTE) (Pb: 5547ppm for RZ//10520ppm for RM). These wastes with alkaline pH are affected by intense water erosion and in particular wind erosion and they create multiple environmental impacts. lndeed, in addition to the negative impact on the landscape that they generate, MTE contained in these wastes are transported, spread and contaminate surface water resources and soil around: (water: Pb: 13-430g/1//Sediments Pb:33-2415ppm //Soils: Pb:71-566 ppm). However, we note that the risk of contamination related to chemical weathering from the studied wastes is reduced sequel on the one hand to the Jack of moisture in semi-arid climate favoring chemical reactions within the waste and second/y due to the abundance of carbonates and 1 or silicates in wastes and into the geological terrain of the region. Phenomena of acid mine drainage (AMD), in particular acidification of surface water and leachate, most remarkable phenomenon of AMD were detected […]